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  2. Hemoglobinemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinemia

    A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. If a hemoglobin tests shows that a person's levels are below normal, it means they have a low red blood cell count, which is known as anemia. If the test shows higher levels than normal, it means they have hemoglobinemia. [citation needed] The normal range for hemoglobin is:

  3. Polycythemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycythemia

    Polycythemia is sometimes called erythrocytosis, and there is significant overlap in the two findings, but the terms are not the same: polycythemia describes any increase in hematocrit and/or hemoglobin, while erythrocytosis describes an increase specifically in the number of red blood cells in the blood.

  4. Glycated hemoglobin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin

    Glycated hemoglobin causes an increase of highly reactive free radicals inside blood cells, altering the properties of their cell membranes. This leads to blood cell aggregation and increased blood viscosity , which results in impaired blood flow.

  5. Hemoglobin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin

    In addition, increased glycated of hemoglobin increases its affinity for oxygen, therefore preventing its release at the tissue and inducing a level of hypoxia in extreme cases. [89] Elevated levels of hemoglobin are associated with increased numbers or sizes of red blood cells, called polycythemia.

  6. Methemoglobinemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methemoglobinemia

    Elevated levels of methemoglobin in the blood are caused when the mechanisms that defend against oxidative stress within the red blood cell are overwhelmed and the oxygen carrying ferrous ion (Fe 2+) of the heme group of the hemoglobin molecule is oxidized to the ferric state (Fe 3+). This converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin, resulting in a ...

  7. Hemoglobin A2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_A2

    Hemoglobin A2 (HbA 2) is a normal variant of hemoglobin A that consists of two alpha and two delta chains (α 2 δ 2) and is found at low levels in normal human blood.Hemoglobin A2 may be increased in beta thalassemia or in people who are heterozygous for the beta thalassemia gene.

  8. Spherocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherocytosis

    A complete blood count (CBC) may show increased reticulocytes, a sign of increased red blood cell production, and decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit. The term "non-hereditary spherocytosis" is occasionally used, albeit rarely. [2] Lists of causes: [3] Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia; Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia/paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

  9. Hemoglobinuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinuria

    Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. [1] The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the plasma. [2]