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Systems thinking is a way of making sense of the complexity of the world by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than by splitting it down into its parts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It has been used as a way of exploring and developing effective action in complex contexts, [ 3 ] enabling systems change .
Critical systems thinking is a systemic intervention's approach in which it is based on the systems thinking framework. [5] According to Gerald Midgley, critical systems thinking is based on three 'themes for debate' for further research which are the improvement, critical awareness and methodological pluralism. [1]
The central concept is that system behaviors are not caused by exogenous events, but rather are intrinsic to the system itself. The connections and feedback loops within a system dictate the range of behaviors the system is capable of exhibiting. Therefore, it is more important to understand the internal structures of the system, than to focus ...
Critical systems thinking (CST) is a systems approach designed to aid decision-makers, and other stakeholders, improve complex problem situations that cross departmental and, often, organizational boundaries. CST sees systems thinking as essential to managing multidimensional 'messes' in which technical, economic, organizational, human ...
Systems thinking in design has a long history with origins in the design methods movement during the 1960s and 1970s, such as the idea of wicked problems developed by Horst Rittel. [9] The theories about complexity help the management of an entire system, and the suggested design approaches help the planning of different divergent elements.
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Peter Checkland (born 18 December 1930, in Birmingham, UK) is a British management scientist and emeritus professor of systems at Lancaster University.He is the developer of soft systems methodology (SSM): a methodology based on a way of systems thinking systems practice.
The Systems View of the World: The Natural Philosophy of the New Developments in the Sciences. George Braziller. Laszlo, E. (1973). A Systems Philosophy of Human Values. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 18(4), 250–259. Laszlo, E. (1996). The Systems View of the World: a Holistic Vision for our Time. Cresskill NJ: Hampton Press. Laszlo ...