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The first sectional chart was published in 1930; in 1937 the full series of the lower 48 states was completed. These early sectional charts were smaller (most covered two degrees of latitude and six of longitude) with the map on one side; after 1950 the legend and index to adjoining charts was on the reverse.
In aviation, the rule of three or "3:1 rule of descent" is a rule of thumb that 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) of travel should be allowed for every 1,000 feet (300 m) of descent. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, a descent from flight level 350 would require approximately 35x3=105 nautical miles.
The USAF awards pilot ratings at three levels: Pilot, Senior Pilot, and Command Pilot, to active duty officers and to officers considered as "rated assets" in the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard (i.e., the Air Reserve Components). Rating standards apply equally to both fixed-wing and helicopter pilots.
The Cooper-Harper Handling Qualities Rating Scale [1] (HQRS), sometimes Cooper-Harper Rating Scale (CHRS), is a pilot rating scale, a set of criteria used by test pilots and flight test engineers to evaluate the handling qualities of aircraft while performing a task during a flight test. The scale ranges from 1 to 10, with 1 indicating the best ...
An active pilot is defined as one who holds both a pilot certificate and a valid medical certificate, for certifications that require a medical certificate. As of the end of 2020, in the US, there were an estimated 691,691 active certificated pilots. [46]
The pilot then adds these two to get 5° and flies 5° right of his previous heading. One can also use the 1 in 60 rule to approximate distance from a VOR , by flying 90 degrees to a radial and timing how long it takes to fly 10 degrees (the limit of the course deviation indicator ).
On 5 September 2011 the government of the Russian Federation issued decree No.743, [18] pertaining to the changes in the rules of use of the country's airspace. The new rules came into force on 17 November 2011, introducing a flight level system similar to the one used in the West. RVSM has also been in force since this date.
In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR). The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration 's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under ...