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The tributary system of China (simplified Chinese: 中华朝贡体系, traditional Chinese: 中華朝貢體系, pinyin: Zhōnghuá cháogòng tǐxì), or Cefeng system (simplified Chinese: 册封体制; traditional Chinese: 冊封體制; pinyin: Cèfēng tǐzhì) at its height was a network of loose international relations centered around China ...
In the 5th century, a status hierarchy was an explicit element of the tributary system in which Korea and Vietnam were ranked higher than others, including Japan, the Ryukyus, Siam and others. [2] All diplomatic and trade missions were construed in the context of a tributary relationship with China, [3] including:
A formalised tribute system developed in East Asia with many neighbouring East, Central, and Southeast Asian countries and regions becoming tributary states of various Chinese dynasties. [2] [3] Historically, the Emperor of China saw himself as the emperor of the entire civilised world. It was not possible for such an emperor to have equal ...
The tributary system of China or Cefeng system was a network of loose international relations focused on China which facilitated trade and foreign relations by acknowledging China's predominant role in East Asia. It involved multiple relationships of trade, military force, diplomacy and ritual.
The relationship between China and Vietnam was a "hierarchic tributary system". [21] China ended its suzerainty over Vietnam with the Treaty of Tientsin (1885) following the Sino-French War . Thailand was always subordinate to China as a vassal or a tributary state since the Sui dynasty until the Taiping Rebellion of the late Qing dynasty in ...
The Sinocentric system was a hierarchical system of international relations that prevailed in East Asia before the adoption of the Westphalian system in modern times. Surrounding states such as Japan (which cut off its vassal relationship with China during the Asuka period , because it regarded itself as an equal and individual culture), Korea ...
While the Qing dynasty tried to maintain the traditional tributary system of China, by the 19th century Qing China had become part of a European-style community of sovereign states [96] and established official diplomatic relations with more than twenty countries around the world before its downfall, and since the 1870s it established legations ...
This period saw the formal institutionalization of the Chinese tributary system, illustrating the great political power of China at the time. [22] The seven maritime expeditions led by Zheng He projected the imperial power of the Ming dynasty across Southeast Asia , South Asia , the Middle East , and East Africa . [ 23 ]