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The slope field can be defined for the following type of differential equations y ′ = f ( x , y ) , {\displaystyle y'=f(x,y),} which can be interpreted geometrically as giving the slope of the tangent to the graph of the differential equation's solution ( integral curve ) at each point ( x , y ) as a function of the point coordinates.
Fig. 1: Isoclines (blue), slope field (black), and some solution curves (red) of y' = xy. The solution curves are y = C e x 2 / 2 {\displaystyle y=Ce^{x^{2}/2}} . Given a family of curves , assumed to be differentiable , an isocline for that family is formed by the set of points at which some member of the family attains a given slope .
The solutions to the differential equation are a family of functions. Graphically, this can be plotted in the phase plane like a two-dimensional vector field . Vectors representing the derivatives of the points with respect to a parameter (say time t ), that is ( dx / dt , dy / dt ), at representative points are drawn.
Graph of the ramp function. The ramp function is a unary real function, whose graph is shaped like a ramp.It can be expressed by numerous definitions, for example "0 for negative inputs, output equals input for non-negative inputs".
In mathematics, the method of characteristics is a technique for solving partial differential equations.Typically, it applies to first-order equations, though in general characteristic curves can also be found for hyperbolic and parabolic partial differential equation.
In the study of partial differential equations, the MUSCL scheme is a finite volume method that can provide highly accurate numerical solutions for a given system, even in cases where the solutions exhibit shocks, discontinuities, or large gradients.
The product logarithm Lambert W function plotted in the complex plane from −2 − 2i to 2 + 2i The graph of y = W(x) for real x < 6 and y > −4.The upper branch (blue) with y ≥ −1 is the graph of the function W 0 (principal branch), the lower branch (magenta) with y ≤ −1 is the graph of the function W −1.
The Fermat spiral with polar equation = can be converted to the Cartesian coordinates (x, y) by using the standard conversion formulas x = r cos φ and y = r sin φ.Using the polar equation for the spiral to eliminate r from these conversions produces parametric equations for one branch of the curve: