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A heterodyne bat detector will only handle a small range of bat frequencies, so it is necessary to keep retuning the heterodyne frequency to find the point of maximum loudness or, in the case of bats with a hockey stick call, the frequency which gives the lowest sound. This gives the lowest plop sound from the CF end of the calls.
It is the variations in these aspects that produce echolocation calls suited for different acoustic environments and hunting behaviors. The calls of bats have been most intensively researched, but the principles apply to all echolocation calls. [18] [19] Bat call frequencies range from as low as 11 kHz to as high as 212 kHz. [20]
Alternatively, listening to the FD output gives an audible rendering of the bat call at 1/10 frequency. An example of a dual detector is the Ciel CDB301. Dual FD/heterodyne detectors are useful for cross country transects especially when there is a function provided for recording voice notes such as times, locations and recognised bat calls.
Some bat calls can reach 140 decibels. [91] Microbats use their larynx to emit echolocation signals through the mouth or the nose. [92] Microbat calls range in frequency from 14,000 to well over 100,000 Hz, extending well beyond the range of human hearing (between 20 and 20,000 Hz). [93]
Rabies exposures include being bitten by a bat, waking to a bat or finding a bat near a small child or an unconscious or impaired adult. If this happens, catch it, keep it and call the health ...
Bats hunt flying insects; these insects return a faint echo of the bat's call. The type of insect, how big it is and distance can be determined by the quality of the echo and time it takes for the echo to rebound. There are two types of call constant frequency (CF), and frequency modulated (FM) that descend in pitch. [26]
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The common noctule uses two main calls for echolocation. The frequencies of the first are 26–47 kHz, have most energy at 27 kHz and an average duration of 11.5ms. [23] The frequency of the second call is 22–33 kHz, having most energy at 22 kHz and an average duration of 13.8ms. [23] [24] Common noctule in the Seeburgpark near Konstanz (Germany)