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The sacramentum militare (also as militum or militiae) was the oath taken by soldiers in pledging their loyalty to the consul in the Republican era or later to the emperor. The sacramentum as pertaining to both the law and the military indicates the religious basis for these institutions. The text of the oath was recorded by Vegetius: [8]
[133] The "cultivation" necessary to maintain a specific deity was that god's cultus, "cult," and required "the knowledge of giving the gods their due" (scientia colendorum deorum). [134] The noun cultus originates from the past participle of the verb colo, colere, colui, cultus, "to tend, take care of, cultivate," originally meaning "to dwell ...
Nova Romans performing a Roman religious ceremony in Aquincum (Budapest), 2008.. Revivals of ancient Roman polytheism have taken various forms in the modern era. These efforts seek to re-establish the traditional Roman cults and customs, often referred to as cultus deorum Romanorum (worship of the Roman gods), religio Romana (Roman religion), the Roman way to the gods (Via romana agli dei ...
Refusal to swear a lawful oath (sacramentum) and breaking a sworn oath carried much the same penalty: both repudiated the fundamental bonds between the human and divine. [36] A votum or vow was a promise made to a deity, usually an offer of sacrifices or a votive offering in exchange for benefits received.
The "cultivation" necessary to maintain a specific deity was that god's cultus, "cult", and required "the knowledge of giving the gods their due" (scientia colendorum deorum). [2] The noun cultus originates from the past participle of the verb colo, colere, colui, cultus, "to tend, take care of, cultivate", originally meaning "to dwell in ...
One definition of religio offered by Cicero is cultus deorum, "the proper performance of rites in veneration of the gods." [19] Religio among the Romans was not based on "faith", but on knowledge, including and especially correct practice. [20]
Festus's glossary has two entries on this topic, sacramentum and sacramento, both referring to the legal use of the word. It was the most ancient Roman legal procedure agere sacramento. [4] This procedure was named legis actio sacramentum and could be in rem or in personam. [5] The subject has been one of the most debated of Roman law.
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