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Pure autonomic failure originates from peripheral autonomic nervous system lesions. [ 6 ] The diagnosis of pure autonomic failure relies on the absence of other neurologic abnormalities, specifically Parkinsonism , cognitive impairment, cerebellar ataxia , or tremors, and on compatible clinical features of subtle, progressive pan autonomic ...
Dysautonomia, autonomic failure, or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This condition may affect the functioning of the heart , bladder , intestines , sweat glands , pupils , and blood vessels.
In primary dysautonomias, the autonomic dysfunction occurs as a primary condition (as opposed to resulting from another disease). [1] Autonomic failure is categorized as "primary" when believed to result from a chronic condition characterized by degeneration of the autonomic nervous system, or where autonomic failure is the predominant symptom ...
Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy is a type of immune-mediated autonomic failure that is associated with antibodies against the ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor present in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric ganglia. Typical symptoms include gastrointestinal dysmotility, orthostatic hypotension, and tonic pupils. [1]
Idiopathic pure sudomotor failure (IPSF) is the most common cause of a rare disorder known as acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA), a clinical syndrome characterized by generalized decrease or absence of sweating without other autonomic and somatic nervous dysfunctions and without persistent organic cutaneous lesions.
Approximately 60% of patients require a wheelchair within five years of onset of the motor symptoms, and few patients survive beyond 12 years. [4] The disease progresses without remission at a variable rate. Those who present at an older age, those with parkinsonian features, and those with severe autonomic dysfunction have a poorer prognosis. [4]
The prognosis of autonomic dysreflexia is generally good, given that the trigger is identified and managed. Attacks can be prevented by recognizing and avoiding triggering stimuli. Mortality is rare with AD, but morbidities such as stroke , retinal hemorrhage, and pulmonary edema if left untreated can be quite severe. [ 5 ]
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a syndrome that causes episodes of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system.Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system can manifest as increased heart rate, increased respiration, increased blood pressure, diaphoresis, and hyperthermia. [1]