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The field is seen as beginning around the mid-20th century, during the time of the partition of the Indian subcontinent into two domains: Pakistan and India. [1] Literature in European languages regarding Sikhs and Sikhism has existed since the 18th century but the institutional environment did not exist at that period to further these inquiries and attempts into a proper field of study. [1]
The Sikh leaders of the Singh Sabha worked to offer a clear definition of Sikh identity and tried to purify Sikh belief and practice. [109] The later years of British colonial rule saw the emergence of the Akali movement to bring reform in the gurdwaras during the early 1920s.
Sanatan Sikhs led by Khem Singh Bedi – who claimed to be a direct descendant of Guru Nanak, Avtar Singh Vahiria and others supported a more inclusive approach which considered Sikhism as a reformed tradition of Hinduism, while Tat Khalsa campaigned for an exclusive approach to the Sikh identity, disagreeing with Sanatan Sikhs and seeking to ...
Oberoi wrote The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition.The book examines the first four centuries of Sikh traditions, and shows that most Sikhs recognized multiple identities grounded in "local, regional, religious, and secular loyalties".
Sikhism's relationship to the caste system is a complex and controversial topic in the modern-period. [1] [2] Although the discriminatory practices derived from the Indian caste system is repudiated by the religion's tenets, which stresses upon humanity's oneness, castes continue to be recognized and followed by much of the Sikh community, including prejudices and biases resulting from it.
Recognizing the challenges faced by younger generations and individuals outside the faith in understanding Sikh beliefs, Singh set out to create an initiative that would bridge this gap. His vision was rooted in providing a sense of identity and belonging within the Sikh community while also promoting awareness among the broader public. [11] [12]
The issue of Sikh identity was further sharpened by vociferous Arya Samaj attacks on the Sikh faith, issuing pamphlets claiming Sikhism as a reformist strain to be incorporated within Hinduism, [111] even though for a long time the Arya Samaj itself had rebuffed the name Hindu, and led campaigns against it. [112]
The following outline is provides an overview of Sikhism, or Sikhi (its endonym).. Sikhism has been described as being either a panentheistic or monotheistic religion—emphasizing universal selflessness and brotherhood—founded in the 15th century upon the teachings of Guru Nanak and the ten succeeding Gurus.