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Anisotropy (/ ˌ æ n aɪ ˈ s ɒ t r ə p i, ˌ æ n ɪ-/) is the structural property of non-uniformity in different directions, as opposed to isotropy. An anisotropic object or pattern has properties that differ according to direction of measurement.
For a complex anisotropic solid such as wood or paper, these three moduli do not contain enough information to describe its behaviour, and one must use the full generalized Hooke's law. The reciprocal of the bulk modulus at fixed temperature is called the isothermal compressibility .
Common anisotropic materials include wood (because its material properties are different parallel to and perpendicular to the grain) and layered rocks such as slate. Isotropic materials are useful since they are easier to shape, and their behavior is easier to predict.
Wood is an example of an orthotropic material. Material properties in three perpendicular directions (axial, radial, and circumferential) are different. In material science and solid mechanics, orthotropic materials have material properties at a particular point which differ along three orthogonal axes, where each axis has twofold rotational ...
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a subcategory of engineered wood [1] panel product made from gluing together at least three layers [2] of solid-sawn lumber (i.e. lumber cut from a single log). [3] The grain of each layer of boards is usually rotated 90 degrees from that of adjacent layers and glued on the wide faces of each board, usually in a ...
Real soils are composed of finite size particles with anisotropic properties that strongly determine observed behavior. Consequently, models based on a metals based theory of plasticity are not able to model behavior of soils that is a result of anisotropic particle properties, one example of which is the drop in shear strengths post peak ...
the Hankinson criterion, an empirical failure criterion that is used for orthotropic materials such as wood; the Hill yield criteria for anisotropic solids; the Tsai-Wu failure criterion for anisotropic composites; the Johnson–Holmquist damage model for high-rate deformations of isotropic solids; the Hoek-Brown failure criterion for rock masses
Wood chemistry, whose primary focus is the analysis of the chemical constituents comprising wood, with specific emphasis on cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and extractives, as well as on the various products derived from these components. It is also explores potential uses for pulp and paper production, the utilization of wood and wood waste ...