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Chronic sclerosing (or fibrosing) mediastinitis, while potentially serious, is caused by a long-standing inflammation of the mediastinum, leading to growth of acellular collagen and fibrous tissue within the chest and around the central vessels and airways. It has a different cause, treatment, and prognosis than acute infectious mediastinitis.
Caustic ingestion occurs when someone accidentally or deliberately ingests a caustic or corrosive substance.Depending on the nature of the substance, the duration of exposure and other factors it can lead to varying degrees of damage to the oral mucosa, the esophagus, and the lining of the stomach.
The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin: mediastinus, lit. 'midway'; [2] pl.: mediastina) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is a region that contains vital organs and structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, the vagus, phrenic and cardiac nerves, the thoracic duct, the thymus and the lymph ...
Treatment glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants [ 1 ] Mediastinal fibrosis is characterized by invasive, calcified fibrosis centered on lymph nodes that block major vessels and airways.
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Over 80% of cases are caused by malignant tumors compressing the superior vena cava. Lung cancer , most commonly squamous cell carcinoma , comprises 75–80% of these cases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma , most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma , comprises 10–15%.
In rare cases, pneumomediastinum may also arise as a result of blunt chest trauma (e.g. car accidents, fights, over pressure of breathing apparatus), while still evolving in the same fashion as the spontaneous form.
[12] [72] IPF is more common in men than in women and is usually diagnosed in people over 50 years of age. [3] The incidence of IPF is difficult to determine as uniform diagnostic criteria have not been applied consistently. [3] [12] A recent study from the US estimated the incidence of IPF to be between 6.8 and 16.3 per 100,000 persons.