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The optic nerve can be damaged when exposed to direct or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve.
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital condition in which the optic nerve is underdeveloped (small). Many times, de Morsier’s Syndrome or septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is associated with ONH, however, it is possible to have ONH without any additional issues like SOD. SOD is a condition that can involve multiple problems in the midline ...
The optic tract is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. [14] The optic tract represents the first stage in the visual pathway in which visual information is transferred in a homonymous nature. [ 15 ]
Notably, MRI revealed optic nerve abnormalities in only a small fraction (15.6%) of NAION patients, compared to almost all (96.9%) patients with optic neuritis. Additionally, certain symptoms, including elevated swelling, paleness, narrower arteries, and hemorrhages, were more common in NAION than in optic neuritis. [49]
The fibers from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, from which a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex. A fundus photograph showing the back of the retina. The white circle is the beginning of the optic nerve. The optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glia.
Pages in category "Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways" The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
It presents with visual loss and signs of optic nerve dysfunction, such as loss of color vision, afferent pupil defect, and sometimes abnormalities of the optic disc. The clinical features of AON can be variable and present in several unilateral or bilateral forms: Acute anterior or retrobulbar optic neuritis sometimes associated with pain.
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies are a heterogenous group of disorders that present with visual disturbances resultant from mitochondrial dysfunction within the anatomy of the Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGC), optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract.
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