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The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma.They speak the Caddo language.. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. [2]
The Eyeish were part of the Caddo Confederacy, [2] although their relationship to other Caddo tribes was ambiguous, and they were often hostile to the Hasinai. [3] They historically lived on the Eyeish Creek, located between the Neches and Sabine Rivers. [4] Spanish explorers encountered the tribe in 1542 and reported large herds of buffalo in ...
The Natchitoches (/ ˈ n æ k ə t ɪ ʃ / NAK-ə-tish; Caddo: Náshit'ush) [2] are a Native American tribe from northwestern Louisiana [1] and Texas.They organized themselves in one of the three Caddo-speaking confederacies along with the Hasinai (between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas), and Kadohadacho (at the borders of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana).
The Nacogdoche were part of the Hasinai branch of the Caddo Confederacy [2] and closely allied with the Lower Nasoni. They historically lived between the Angelina and the Sabine Rivers in Texas. The Gentleman of Elvas, a member of Hernando de Soto's 1541 expedition, wrote about the tribe, as did Francisco de Jesus Maria in 1691. [3]
Spanish explorers encountered the tribe in 1542 in east Texas. Around 1700, the tribe joined the Hasinai but kept their distinct identity and culture. [2] [4] In 1716, Spanish monks founded the San José Mission to serve the Nadaco and the Nasoni tribes. [5] By 1787, they lived in villages along the northern part of Panola County, Texas. [6]
The Hasinai Confederacy (Caddo: Hasíinay [2]) was a large confederation of Caddo-speaking Native Americans who occupied territory between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas. Today, their descendants are enrolled in the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma and the Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana.
The Lower Nasoni allied with the Spanish during the 18th century. By 1880, their population had been so ravaged by disease, that it is believed they assimilated into the Nadaco tribe. [2] Today, Nasoni people are enrolled in the Caddo Nation, headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma.
In 1716, Spanish colonists founded the Mission of San Miguel de Linares, also known as the Mission of Adayes, [3] to convert the Adai, Natchitoches, and other Caddo people to Roman Catholicism. [1] The French and their Native allies destroyed that mission in 1719 but the Spanish rebuilt in 1721. [1]