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Buddy Bolden, the first known jazz musician, is credited with creating the big four, a tresillo/habanera-based pattern. The big four was the first syncopated bass drum pattern to deviate from the standard on-the-beat march. [27] As the example below shows, the second half of the big four pattern is the habanera rhythm. [28]
Rumba clave is the key pattern used in Cuban rumba. The use of the triple-pulse form of the rumba clave in Cuba can be traced back to the iron bell ( ekón ) part in abakuá music. The form of rumba known as columbia is culturally and musically connected with abakuá which is an Afro Cuban cabildo that descends from the Kalabari of Cameroon.
The bolero-son: long-time favourite dance music in Cuba, captured abroad under the misnomer 'rumba'. The bolero-mambo in which slow and beautiful lyrics were added to the sophisticated big-band arrangements of the mambo. The bolero-cha, 1950s derivative with a chachachá rhythm. The bachata, a Dominican derivative developed in the 1960s.
The clave patterns originated in sub-Saharan African music traditions, where they serve the same function as they do in salsa. [4] The two most common five-stroke African bell parts, which are also the two main clave patterns used in Afro-Cuban music, are known to salsa musicians as son clave and rumba clave.
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Typical was the introduction of syncopation, leading to the bolero-moruno, bolero-beguine, bolero-mambo, and bolero-cha. The bolero-son became for several decades the most popular rhythm for dancing in Cuba, and it was this rhythm that the international dance community picked up and taught as the wrongly named 'rumba'.
The international ballroom rumba is a slower dance of about 120 beats per minute which corresponds, both in music and in dance, to what the Cubans of an older generation called the bolero-son. It is easy to see why, for ease of reference and for marketing, rhumba is a better name, however inaccurate; it is the same kind of reason that led later ...
A bell pattern is a rhythmic pattern of striking a hand-held bell or other instrument of the idiophone family, to make it emit a sound at desired intervals. It is often a key pattern [ 1 ] [ 2 ] (also known as a guide pattern , [ 3 ] phrasing referent , [ 4 ] timeline , [ 5 ] or asymmetrical timeline [ 6 ] ), in most cases it is a metal bell ...
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