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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. [1] A person's breath may develop a specific "fruity" or acetone smell. [1]
It is sweet because, in a way not entirely clear even now, it interacts with the taste buds to cause a sweet taste. Asymptomatic No symptoms; no clear sign of disease present. Most Type II diabetics are without clinically obvious symptoms for some time (often years) before they are diagnosed as diabetic. Atherosclerosis See: Arteriosclerosis.
The symptoms of ketoacidosis are variable depending on the underlying cause. The most common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weakness. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Breath may also develop the smell of acetone as it is a volatile ketone that can be exhaled.
However, diabetes does cause higher morbidity, mortality and operative risks with these conditions. [ 41 ] Diabetic foot, often due to a combination of sensory neuropathy (numbness or insensitivity) and vascular damage, increases rates of skin ulcers ( diabetic foot ulcers ) and infection and, in serious cases, necrosis and gangrene.
Drug reaction (vomiting may occur as an acute somatic response to): [citation needed] Alcohol, which can be partially oxidized into acetaldehyde that causes the symptoms of hangover, including nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and fast heart rate. [22] Opioids; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; Many chemotherapy drugs
Wilson's disease (also called hepatolenticular degeneration) is a genetic disorder characterized by the excess build-up of copper in the body. Symptoms are typically related to the brain and liver. Liver-related symptoms include vomiting, weakness, fluid build-up in the abdomen, swelling of the legs, yellowish skin, and itchiness.
Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) injures the heart in patients without a history of heart disease or diabetes and is strongly associated with heart attacks and death in subjects with no coronary heart disease or history of heart failure. [22] Also, a life-threatening consequence of hyperglycemia can be nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome. [16]
People with type 1 diabetes mellitus who must take insulin in full replacement doses are most vulnerable to episodes of hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels). This can occur if a person takes too much insulin or diabetic medication, does strenuous exercise without eating additional food, misses meals, consumes too much alcohol, or consumes alcohol without food. [5]