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Andrew Grove popularised the concept of OKR during his tenure at Intel in the 1970s. [5] He later documented OKR in his 1983 book High Output Management. [6]In 1975, John Doerr, at the time a salesperson working for Intel, attended a course within Intel taught by Grove where he was introduced to the theory of OKRs, then called "iMBOs" ("Intel Management by Objectives").
In response to High Output Management's resurgence in popularity, publisher Vintage Books reissued a new edition of the book in 2015, the first since 1995, and an e-book version. [1] The OKR framework that Groves describes is widely used in companies in the 21st century. [1] British political strategist Dominic Cummings reportedly recommended ...
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. [1] Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.
KPI information boards. A performance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is a type of performance measurement. [1] KPIs evaluate the success of an organization or of a particular activity (such as projects, programs, products and other initiatives) in which it engages. [2]
Based initially on Drucker's management by objectives (MBO) model, a popular applied version of goal setting theory for business is the objectives and key results model (OKR). Originally developed at Intel by Andy Grove, [ 24 ] the tool was designed to set individual and collaborative goal team goals that are specific, concrete, challenging ...
Key risk indicators are metrics used by organizations to provide an early signal of increasing risk exposures in various areas of the enterprise. It differs from a key performance indicator (KPI) in that the latter is meant as a measure of how well something is being done while the former is an indicator of the possibility of future adverse ...
The World Competitiveness Yearbook is an annual report published by the Swiss-based International Institute for Management Development (IMD) on the competitiveness of nations and has been published since 1989. [1] The yearbook benchmarks the performance of 63 countries based on 340 criteria measuring different facets of competitiveness.
S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development.