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IRDS affects about 1% of newborns and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. [5] Data have shown the choice of elective caesarean sections to strikingly increase the incidence of respiratory distress in term infants; dating back to 1995, the UK first documented 2,000 annual caesarean section births requiring ...
It is caused by retained fetal lung fluid due to impaired clearance mechanisms. [1] It is the most common cause of respiratory distress in term neonates. [2] [3] It consists of a period of tachypnea (rapid breathing, higher than the normal range of 30–60 times per minute). Usually, this condition resolves over 24–72 hours.
Adult diagnosis is based on a PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio (ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen) of less than 300 mm Hg despite a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of more than 5 cm H 2 O. [1] Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, as the cause, must be excluded.
[1] There is robust evidence that a single course of antenatal corticosteroids (i.e., 24 mg of betamethasone or dexamethasone), when there is a risk of preterm birth (at less than 34 weeks of gestation), reduces the risk of child death, regardless of resource level. [1] [6]
In fluid dynamics, the Hagen–Poiseuille equation is a physical law that gives the pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a long cylindrical pipe. The assumptions of the equation are that the flow is laminar viscous and incompressible and the flow is through a constant circular cross-section that is substantially longer than its diameter.
The subclinical (pre-symptomatic) and clinical (symptomatic) evolution of disease is the natural progression of a disease without any medical intervention. It constitutes the course of biological events that occurs during the development of the origin of the diseases [ 4 ] ( etiologies ) to its outcome, whether that be recovery, chronicity, or ...
Area 25 is the largest named area in the Nevada National Security Site at 254 square miles (660 km 2), [1] and has its own direct access from Route 95. [1] Area 25 is commonly called "Jackass Flats" because it is composed primarily of a shallow alluvial basin by that name. [1] It was originally known as "Area 400", [2] and was renamed "Area 25 ...
Retrocausality, or backwards causation, is a concept of cause and effect in which an effect precedes its cause in time and so a later event affects an earlier one. [1] [2] In quantum physics, the distinction between cause and effect is not made at the most fundamental level and so time-symmetric systems can be viewed as causal or retrocausal.