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Not every child who has experienced early trauma will display psychological resilience, as each brain is wired differently; where some children may find future scenarios easier to navigate as a result, others may fall back on maladaptive coping mechanisms that make future stressors significantly more difficult.
The term resilience gradually changed definitions and meanings, from a personality trait [4] [5] to a dynamic process of families, individuals, and communities. [2] [6] Family resilience emerged as scholars incorporated together ideas from general systems theory perspectives on families, family stress theory, and psychological resilience ...
Psychological resilience, or mental resilience, is the ability to cope mentally and emotionally with a crisis, or to return to pre-crisis status quickly. [1]The term was popularized in the 1970s and 1980s by psychologist Emmy Werner as she conducted a forty-year-long study of a cohort of Hawaiian children who came from low socioeconomic status backgrounds.
Research regarding children who showed adaptive development while facing adversity began in the 1970s and continues to this day. [45] Resilience is defined as “the process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging or threatening circumstances."
Children need caring and supportive adults to help them because it is difficult for children to handle this type of stress on their own. [4] Therefore, the stress response may be activated from weeks to months or even years. [4] Prolonged stress leads to adverse effects such as permanent emotional or developmental damage. [4]
Grit involves maintaining goal-focused effort for extended periods of time, often while facing adversity, but it does not require a critical incident. Importantly, grit is conceptualized as a trait while resilience is a process. Finally, resilience has been almost exclusively studied in children who are born into "at-risk" situations. [20]
For parents, it can feel like a challenge to keep their child safe while crossing the street or navigating a crowded place. Some feel confident simply holding onto their kid's hand, while others ...
A child using fingers to make a small, circular hole in the sand, 1997. Child development involves the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. It is—particularly from birth to five years— a foundation for a prosperous and sustainable society. [1]