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The equations of state for the various proposed forms of quark-degenerate matter vary widely, and are usually also poorly defined, due to the difficulty of modelling strong force interactions. Quark-degenerate matter may occur in the cores of neutron stars, depending on the equations of state of neutron-degenerate matter.
Under extremely high pressure, as in the cores of dead stars, ordinary matter undergoes a transition to a series of exotic states of matter collectively known as degenerate matter, which are supported mainly by quantum mechanical effects. In physics, "degenerate" refers to two states that have the same energy and are thus interchangeable.
Degenerate matter: Matter under very high pressure, supported by the Pauli exclusion principle. Electron-degenerate matter: Found inside white dwarf stars. Electrons remain bound to atoms but can transfer to adjacent atoms. Neutron-degenerate matter: Found in neutron stars.
Degenerate matter, a very highly compressed phase of matter which resists further compression because of quantum mechanical effects Degenerate semiconductor , a semiconductor with such a high doping-level that the material starts to act more like a metal than as a semiconductor
Degenerate states are also obtained when the sum of squares of quantum numbers corresponding to different energy levels are the same. For example, the three states (n x = 7, n y = 1), (n x = 1, n y = 7) and (n x = n y = 5) all have = and constitute a degenerate set.
Cross-section of neutron star. Here, the core has neutrons or neutron-degenerate matter and quark matter.. Neutronium is used in popular physics literature [1] [2] to refer to the material present in the cores of neutron stars (stars which are too massive to be supported by electron degeneracy pressure and which collapse into a denser phase of matter).
In physics, topological order [1] is a kind of order in the zero-temperature phase of matter (also known as quantum matter). Macroscopically, topological order is defined and described by robust ground state degeneracy [2] and quantized non-abelian geometric phases of degenerate ground states. [1]
In quantum field theory, the ground state is usually called the vacuum state or the vacuum. If more than one ground state exists, they are said to be degenerate. Many systems have degenerate ground states. Degeneracy occurs whenever there exists a unitary operator that acts non-trivially on a ground state and commutes with the Hamiltonian of ...