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The 2nd-century BCE Greek historian Polybius described the Jews as a nation residing around a temple called Jerusalem, [10] while Tacitus, a Roman historian from the first century CE, wrote that "Jerusalem is the capital of the Jews. In it was a temple possessing enormous reaches." [11] [2]
The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by the Jews of Judaea against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE. [10] The conflict primarily encompasses two major uprisings: the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE), both driven by Jewish aspirations to restore the political ...
Portrait of Claudius, Altes Museum, Berlin References to an expulsion of Jews from Rome by the Roman emperor Claudius, who was in office AD 41–54, appear in the Acts of the Apostles (), and in the writings of Roman historians Suetonius (c. AD 69 – c. AD 122), Cassius Dio (c. AD 150 – c. 235) and fifth-century Christian author Paulus Orosius.
Jews are given equal rights in Russian-controlled Congress Poland. The privileges of some towns regarding prohibition of Jewish settlement are revoked. In Leipzig, Moses Hess publishes the book Rome and Jerusalem, the first book to call for the establishment of a Jewish socialist commonwealth in Palestine. The book is also notable for giving ...
Roman suppression of the revolt begun in the north, with an expeditionary force led by the Roman legate of Syria, Cestius Gallus, making its way to Jerusalem. Gallus failed to take the city and decided to withdraw. Pursued by rebel scouts, the Roman troops were ambushed in the Pass of Beth-Horon, losing the equivalent of an entire legion ...
According to the Bible, Nebuchadnezzar installed Zedekiah as king after his first siege, [9] and Zedekiah ruled for 11 years before the second siege resulted in the end of his kingdom. [ 10 ] Although there is no dispute that Jerusalem fell the second time in the summer month of Tammuz , [ 11 ] Albright dates the end of Zedekiah's reign (and ...
Vespasian, upon hearing of the events in Jerusalem from deserters, decided against marching on the city, asserting, according to Josephus, that God was letting the Jews destroy themselves without Roman interference. [265] [262] The wealthy Jewish village of Ein Gedi, located near the Dead Sea, was pillaged and ravaged by Sicarii from Masada
The fiscus Iudaicus or fiscus Judaicus (Latin for 'Jewish tax') was a tax imposed on Jews in the Roman Empire after the destruction of Jerusalem and its Temple in AD 70. [ 2 ] The fiscus Iudaicus replaced the traditional half- shekel Temple tax which had been paid annually by Jews for the maintenance of the Temple in Jerusalem .