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  2. List of unsolved problems in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    RNA folding problem: Is it possible to accurately predict the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a polyribonucleic acid sequence based on its sequence and environment? Protein design : Is it possible to design highly active enzymes de novo for any desired reaction?

  3. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents.

  4. Dynamic kinetic resolution in asymmetric synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Kinetic_Resolution...

    Dynamic kinetic resolution in chemistry is a type of kinetic resolution where 100% of a racemic compound can be converted into an enantiopure compound. It is applied in asymmetric synthesis . Asymmetric synthesis has become a much explored field due to the challenge of creating a compound with a single 3D structure. [ 1 ]

  5. Stoichiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

    This particular chemical equation is an example of complete combustion. The numbers in front of each quantity are a set of stoichiometric coefficients which directly reflect the molar ratios between the products and reactants. Stoichiometry measures these quantitative relationships, and is used to determine the amount of products and reactants ...

  6. Asymmetric induction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_induction

    The Cram's rule of asymmetric induction named after Donald J. Cram states In certain non-catalytic reactions that diastereomer will predominate, which could be formed by the approach of the entering group from the least hindered side when the rotational conformation of the C-C bond is such that the double bond is flanked by the two least bulky groups attached to the adjacent asymmetric center. [3]

  7. Nuclear transmutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_transmutation

    The term transmutation dates back to alchemy.Alchemists pursued the philosopher's stone, capable of chrysopoeia – the transformation of base metals into gold. [3] While alchemists often understood chrysopoeia as a metaphor for a mystical or religious process, some practitioners adopted a literal interpretation and tried to make gold through physical experimentation.

  8. Cascade reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_reaction

    Cascade reactions are often key steps in the efficient total synthesis of complex natural products. The key step in Heathcock's synthesis of dihydroprotodaphniphylline features a highly efficient cascade involving two aldehyde/amine condensations, a Prins-like cyclization, and a 1,5-hydride transfer to afford a pentacyclic structure from an acyclic starting material.

  9. Pericyclic reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericyclic_reaction

    Example of a pericycle reaction: the norcaradiene–cyclohexatriene rearrangement. In organic chemistry, a pericyclic reaction is the type of organic reaction wherein the transition state of the molecule has a cyclic geometry, the reaction progresses in a concerted fashion, and the bond orbitals involved in the reaction overlap in a continuous cycle at the transition state.