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Counts per minute (abbreviated to cpm) is a measure of the detection rate of ionization events per minute. Counts are only manifested in the reading of the measuring instrument, and are not an absolute measure of the strength of the source of radiation. Whilst an instrument will display a rate of cpm, it does not have to detect counts for one ...
The counts display is the simplest, and shows the number of ionizing events detected, displayed either as a count rate, such as "counts per minute" or "counts per second", or as a total number of counts over a set time period (an integrated total). The counts readout is normally used when alpha or beta particles are being detected.
1 Bq = 1 s −1. A special name was introduced for the reciprocal second (s −1) to represent radioactivity to avoid potentially dangerous mistakes with prefixes.For example, 1 μs −1 would mean 10 6 disintegrations per second: (10 −6 s) −1 = 10 6 s −1, [4] whereas 1 μBq would mean 1 disintegration per 1 million seconds.
The readout for alpha and beta radiation is normally in counts, whilst that for gamma and X-ray is normally in a reading of radiation dose. The SI unit for this latter is the sievert. There is no simple universal conversion from count rate to dose rate, as it depends on the particle type, its energy, and the characteristic of the sensor.
The inverse minute or reciprocal minute (min −1), also called per minute, is 60 −1 s −1, as 1 min = 60 s; it is used in quantities of type "counts per minute", such as: Actions per minute; Beats per minute; Counts per minute; Revolutions per minute (rpm) Words per minute
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Poor counting efficiency can be caused by an extremely low energy to light conversion rate, (scintillation efficiency) which, even optimally, will be a small value. It has been calculated that only some 4% of the energy from a β emission event is converted to light by even the most efficient scintillation cocktails .