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In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, [1] [2] speech marks, [3] quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name.
For example, "Stop!" has the punctuation inside the quotation marks because the word "stop" is said with emphasis. However, when using "scare quotes", the comma goes outside. Other examples: Arthur said the situation was "deplorable". (The full stop (period) is not part of the quotation.)
Titles in quotation marks that include (or in unusual cases consist of) something that requires italicization for some other reason than being a title, e.g., a genus and species name, or a non-English phrase, or the name of a larger work being referred to, also use the needed italicization, inside the quotation marks: "Ferromagnetic Material in ...
Italicize names of books, films, TV series, music albums, paintings, and ships—but not short works like songs or poems, which should be in quotation marks. Place a full stop (a period) or a comma before a closing quotation mark if it belongs as part of the quoted material ( She said, "I'm feeling carefree . " ); otherwise, put it after ( The ...
If the quotation is a single word or a sentence fragment, place the terminal punctuation outside the closing quotation mark. When quoting a full sentence, the end of which coincides with the end of the sentence containing it, place terminal punctuation inside the closing quotation mark. Miller wanted, he said, "to create something timeless".
Exclamation points (!) should usually only be used in direct quotes and titles of creative works. Bold type is reserved for certain uses. Quotation marks for emphasis of a single word or phrase are incorrect, and "scare quotes" are discouraged. Quotation marks are to show that you are using the correct word as quoted from the original source.
The text of captions should not be specially formatted (with italics, for example), except in ways that would apply if it occurred in the main text. Several discussions (e.g. this one) have failed to reach a consensus on whether "stage directions" such as (right) or (behind podium) should be in italics, set off with commas, etc. Any one article ...
For example, Dostoyevsky's works are almost all mostly known in English by English translations of their titles, while Molière's works are mostly known by their original French titles. This seems to me good reason to list Dostoevsky's works entirely by English title in a bibliography while listing Molière's by their original French titles.
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related to: commas while listing things in quotes or italicized text or book titles