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Hach Company manufactures and distributes analytical instruments and reagents used to test the quality of water and other liquid solutions. Manufactured and distributed worldwide, Hach systems are designed to simplify analysis by offering on-line instrumentation, portable laboratory equipment, prepared reagents, easy-to-follow methods, and technical support.
Carbonate hardness is a measure of the concentration of carbonates such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3) per volume of water. As a unit 1 dKH is the same as 1 °dH which is equal to approximately 0.1786 mmol/L or 10.02 milligrams (mg) of calcium carbonate per litre of water, i.e. 17.86 ppm.
In water testing hardness is often measured in parts per million (ppm), where one part per million is defined as one milligram of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) per litre of water. Consequently, 1 dGH corresponds to 10 ppm CaO but 17.848 ppm CaCO 3 which has a molar mass of 100.09 g/mol.
Settleable solids are measured as the visible volume accumulated at the bottom of an Imhoff cone after water has settled for one hour. [2]: 89–98 Turbidity is a measure of the light scattering ability of suspended matter in the water. [2]: 131–137 Salinity measures water density or conductivity changes caused by dissolved materials.
Carbonate hardness, is a measure of the water hardness caused by the presence of carbonate (CO 2− 3) and bicarbonate (HCO − 3) anions. Carbonate hardness is usually expressed either in degrees KH (from the German "Karbonathärte"), or in parts per million calcium carbonate ( ppm CaCO 3 or grams CaCO 3 per litre|mg/L).
The Ministry has created 24 Water Quality Testing Laboratories across Pakistan, developed and commercialized water quality test kits, water filters, water disinfection tablets and drinking water treatment sachets, conducted training for 2,660 professionals of water supply agencies and surveyed 10,000 water supply schemes out of a grand total of ...
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