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The level of ethanol consumption that minimizes the risk of disease, injury, and death is subject to some controversy. [16] Several studies have found a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and health, [17] [18] [2] [19] meaning that risk is minimized at a certain (non-zero) consumption level, and drinking below or above this level increases risk, with the risk level of drinking a ...
Kilmer said that by the 40-minute mark, when the physical effects of alcohol kick in — alcohol depresses, or slows down, the central nervous system — participants in the fourth group ...
Alcohol education is the practice of disseminating information about the effects of alcohol on health, as well as society and the family unit. [71] It was introduced into the public schools by temperance organizations such as the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in the late 19th century. [ 71 ]
Furthermore, alcohol is a diuretic, causing excretion of electrolytes through urination. After a night of drinking, the resulting lack of key B and C vitamins, as well as potassium, magnesium, and zinc may cause fatigue, aching and other hangover-like symptoms. [citation needed]
The general cause of this disease appears to be prolonged and heavy consumption of alcohol accompanied by a nutritional deficiency. However, there is ongoing debate over the active mechanisms, [6] [7] including whether the main cause is the direct toxic effect of alcohol itself or whether the disease is a result of alcoholism-related ...
Alcohol-related brain damage [1] [2] alters both the structure and function of the brain as a result of the direct neurotoxic effects of alcohol intoxication or acute alcohol withdrawal. Increased alcohol intake is associated with damage to brain regions including the frontal lobe , [ 3 ] limbic system , and cerebellum , [ 4 ] with widespread ...
Alcohol and cortisol have a complex relationship. While cortisol is a stress hormone, alcoholism can lead to increased cortisol levels in the body over time. This can be problematic because cortisol can temporarily shut down other bodily functions, potentially causing physical damage.
The direct toxic effects of alcohol on the heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) are considered the primary cause of ACM. [2] Chronic alcohol consumption leads to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, such as acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species, in the heart muscle cells. [2] These toxic substances can cause oxidative stress, inflammation ...