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The 2006 NASA ST5 spacecraft antenna. This complicated shape was found by an evolutionary computer design program to create the best radiation pattern. In radio communications, an evolved antenna is an antenna designed fully or substantially by an automatic computer design program that uses an evolutionary algorithm that mimics Darwinian evolution.
Smart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, multiple antennas and, recently, MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target.
Examples of practically any common antenna type can be found in NEC format on the internet. While highly adaptable, NEC has its limits, and other systems are commonly used for very large or complex antennas or special cases like microwave antennas. By far the most common version is NEC-2, the last to be released in fully public form. There is a ...
This makes computational electromagnetics (CEM) important to the design, and modeling of antenna, radar, satellite and other communication systems, nanophotonic devices and high speed silicon electronics, medical imaging, cell-phone antenna design, among other applications.
Instead of sending a radio wave with one antenna, a computer system can shift the phase of the original wave by fractions of a wavelength for each individual antenna in the array. The frequency of the signal is not changed, only the phase by precisely delaying the signal for each antenna in the array, resulting in a shift of the wave crest and ...
Radio-frequency (RF) engineering is a subset of electrical engineering involving the application of transmission line, waveguide, antenna, radar, and electromagnetic field principles to the design and application of devices that produce or use signals within the radio band, the frequency range of about 20 kHz up to 300 GHz. [1] [2] [3]
The development of the method and its indications in radar and antenna engineering attracted interest; MoM research was subsequently supported United States government. The method was further popularized by the introduction of generalized antenna modeling codes such as Numerical Electromagnetics Code , which was released into public domain by ...
Conformal antennas are a form of phased array antenna. They are composed of an array of many identical small flat antenna elements, such as dipole, horn, or patch antennas, covering the surface. At each antenna the current from the transmitter passes through a phase shifter device which are all controlled by a microprocessor (computer).