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Salix herbacea, the dwarf willow, least willow or snowbed willow, is a species of tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae) adapted to survive in harsh arctic and subarctic environments. Distributed widely in alpine and arctic environments around the North Atlantic Ocean , it is one of the smallest woody plants .
The Arctic willow is a food source for several Arctic animals. Muskoxen, caribou, Arctic hares, and lemmings all feed on the bark and twigs, while the buds are the main food source of the rock ptarmigan. It is the primary host plant and food source for the Arctic woolly bear moth (Gynaephora groenlandica). [10]
Some willows (particularly arctic and alpine species) are low-growing or creeping shrubs; for example, the dwarf willow (Salix herbacea) rarely exceeds 6 centimetres (2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) in height, though it spreads widely across the ground.
Salix polaris, the polar willow, is a species of willow with a circumpolar distribution in the high arctic tundra, extending north to the limits of land, and south of the Arctic in the mountains of Norway, the northern Ural Mountains, the northern Altay Mountains, Kamchatka, and British Columbia, Canada. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Salix barclayi Andersson – Barclay's willow; Salix barrattiana Hook. – Barratt's willow; Salix bebbiana Sarg. – beaked willow; Salix berberifolia Pall. Salix bhutanensis; Salix bicolor Ehrh. ex Willd. Salix bikouensis Y.L.Chou; Salix blakii Goerz; Salix blinii H.Lév. Salix bonplandiana Kunth – Bonpland willow, ahuejote; Salix boothii ...
Because of the harsh conditions—the cold, aridity, wind and poor, thin soils—vegetation is sparse and stunted. The rare protected area for shrubs is characterized by arctic willow (Salix arctica) and dwarf birch and alder ; the herb cover by Saxifraga species and Dryas). [4]
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The Southern Arctic is the region of transition from the treeless Arctic tundra to the conifer forests. dwarf birch and Arctic willow are among the common shrub species, along with heaths, herbaceous plants, and lichens.
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