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Geometrical arrangement for two plane wave interference Interference fringes in overlapping plane waves. A simple form of interference pattern is obtained if two plane waves of the same frequency intersect at an angle. One wave is travelling horizontally, and the other is travelling downwards at an angle θ to the first wave.
For example, the wavelength of red light is about 700 nm, so using red light the difference in height between two fringes is half that, or 350 nm, about 1 ⁄ 100 the diameter of a human hair. Since the gap between the glasses increases radially from the center, the interference fringes form concentric rings.
In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), translational moiré fringes can be seen as parallel contrast lines formed in phase-contrast TEM imaging by the interference of diffracting crystal lattice planes that are overlapping, and which might have different spacing and/or orientation. [21]
The interferometric visibility (also known as interference visibility and fringe visibility, or just visibility when in context) is a measure of the contrast of interference in any system subject to wave superposition. Examples include as optics, quantum mechanics, water waves, sound waves, or electrical
Figure 2. Formation of fringes in a Michelson interferometer Figure 3. Colored and monochromatic fringes in a Michelson interferometer: (a) White light fringes where the two beams differ in the number of phase inversions; (b) White light fringes where the two beams have experienced the same number of phase inversions; (c) Fringe pattern using monochromatic light (sodium D lines
Haidinger fringes are interference fringes formed by the interference of monochromatic and coherent light to form visible dark and bright fringes. Fringe localization is the region of space where fringes with reasonably good contrast are observed. [further explanation needed] Haidinger fringes are fringes localized at infinity.
Yellow areas produce bright lines of constructive interference. The dark areas produce dark lines of destructive interference. In interferometry experiments such as the Michelson–Morley experiment , a fringe shift is the behavior of a pattern of “fringes” when the phase relationship between the component sources change.
In Young's experiment, the individual slits display a diffraction pattern on top of which is overlaid interference fringes from the two slits (Fig. 2). In contrast, the Lloyd's mirror experiment does not use slits and displays two-source interference without the complications of an overlaid single-slit diffraction pattern.