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  2. Lithic reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithic_reduction

    Pressure flaking is a method of trimming the edge of a stone tool by removing small lithic flakes by pressing on the stone with a sharp instrument rather than striking it with a percussor. This method, which often uses punches made from bone or antler tines (or, among modern hobbyists, copper punches or even nails), provides a greater means of ...

  3. Andesite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andesite

    Magmatism in island arc regions comes from the interplay of the subducting plate and the mantle wedge, the wedge-shaped region between the subducting and overriding plates. [16] The presence of convergent margins dominated by andesite is so characteristic of the Earth's unique plate tectonics that the Earth has been described as an "andesite ...

  4. Formation of rocks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_of_rocks

    Igneous rocks can be seen at mid-ocean ridges, areas of island arc volcanism or in intra-plate hotspots. Metamorphic rocks once existed as igneous or sedimentary rocks, but have been subjected to varying degrees of pressure and heat within the Earth's crust. The processes involved will change the composition and fabric of the rock and their ...

  5. Sparging (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparging_(chemistry)

    Sparging introduces a gas that has little or no partial pressure of the gas(es) to be removed, and increases the area of the gas-liquid interface, which encourages some of the dissolved gas(es) to diffuse into the sparging gas before the sparging gas escapes from the liquid. Many sparging processes, such as solvent removal, use air as the ...

  6. Pilate stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilate_stone

    The Pilate stone is a damaged block (82 cm x 65 cm) of carved limestone with a partially intact inscription attributed to Pontius Pilate, a prefect of the Roman province of Judaea from AD 26 to 36. It was discovered at the archaeological site of Caesarea Maritima in 1961.

  7. Piston-cylinder apparatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston-cylinder_apparatus

    In the end-loaded type the second hydraulic ram is used to vertically load and strengthen the pressure vessel. The non end-loaded type is smaller, more compact and cheaper, and is operable only to approximately 4 GPa. Pressure is applied to the sample by pressing a piston into the sample volume of the pressure vessel.

  8. Bending of plates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending_of_plates

    Bending of plates, or plate bending, refers to the deflection of a plate perpendicular to the plane of the plate under the action of external forces and moments. The amount of deflection can be determined by solving the differential equations of an appropriate plate theory .

  9. Ruby pressure scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Pressure_Scale

    Ruby spectra R1, R2 lines. The ruby fluorescence pressure scale is an optical method to measure pressure within a sample chamber of a diamond anvil cell apparatus. [1] Since it is an optical method, which fully make use of the transparency of diamond anvils and only requires an access to a small scale laser generator, it has become the most prevalent pressure gauge method in high pressure ...