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In statistics, propagation of uncertainty (or propagation of error) is the effect of variables' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) ...
The averaging method yields an autonomous dynamical system ˙ = (,,) =: ¯ which approximates the solution curves of ˙ inside a connected and compact region of the phase space and over time of /. Under the validity of this averaging technique, the asymptotic behavior of the original system is captured by the dynamical equation for y ...
The analysis of errors computed using the global positioning system is important for understanding how GPS works, and for knowing what magnitude errors should be expected. The Global Positioning System makes corrections for receiver clock errors and other effects but there are still residual errors which are not corrected.
This fraction is subtracted from 1 and multiplied by the pre-adjusted clock frequency of 10.23 MHz: (1 – 4.472 × 10 −10) × 10.23 = 10.22999999543. That is we need to slow the clocks down from 10.23 MHz to 10.22999999543 MHz in order to negate both time dilation effects.
The RMSD serves to aggregate the magnitudes of the errors in predictions for various data points into a single measure of predictive power. RMSD is a measure of accuracy, to compare forecasting errors of different models for a particular dataset and not between datasets, as it is scale-dependent. [1]
Turbo coding is an iterated soft-decoding scheme that combines two or more relatively simple convolutional codes and an interleaver to produce a block code that can perform to within a fraction of a decibel of the Shannon limit.
(1) The Type I bias equations 1.1 and 1.2 are not affected by the sample size n. (2) Eq(1.4) is a re-arrangement of the second term in Eq(1.3). (3) The Type II bias and the variance and standard deviation all decrease with increasing sample size, and they also decrease, for a given sample size, when x's standard deviation σ becomes small ...
For a Type I error, it is shown as α (alpha) and is known as the size of the test and is 1 minus the specificity of the test. This quantity is sometimes referred to as the confidence of the test, or the level of significance (LOS) of the test. For a Type II error, it is shown as β (beta) and is 1 minus the power or 1 minus the sensitivity of ...