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  2. Hyperpolarization (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpolarization_(biology)

    GABA A can induce hyperpolarization through an influx of Cl – ions. GABA A itself is a chloride ion channel. [5] This process of hyperpolarization is highly dependent on which direction Cl – flows. If Cl – travels into the cell, the flow of ions increases the voltage gradient. If Cl – flows out of the cell, the voltage gradient will ...

  3. Postsynaptic potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postsynaptic_potential

    Multiple inhibitory inputs combine and deepen hyperpolarization of the membrane (more negative). If the cell is receiving both inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials, they can cancel each other out, or one can be stronger than the other, and the membrane potential will change by the difference between them.

  4. Summation (neurophysiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summation_(neurophysiology)

    The binding of GABA to a postsynaptic receptor causes the opening of ion channels that either cause an influx of negatively charged chloride ions into the cell or an efflux of positively charged potassium ions out of the cell. [3] The effect of these two options is the hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell, or IPSP.

  5. Synaptic potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_potential

    Synaptic potential refers to the potential difference across the postsynaptic membrane that results from the action of neurotransmitters at a neuronal synapse. [1] In other words, it is the “incoming” signal that a neuron receives.

  6. End-plate potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-plate_potential

    The enzyme muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) initiates signaling processes in the developing postsynaptic muscle cell. It stabilizes the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor clusters, facilitates the transcription of synaptic genes by muscle fiber nuclei, and triggers differentiation of the axon growth cone to form a differentiated nerve terminal. [ 4 ]

  7. Afterhyperpolarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterhyperpolarization

    Afterhyperpolarization, or AHP, is the hyperpolarizing phase of a neuron's action potential where the cell's membrane potential falls below the normal resting potential. This is also commonly referred to as an action potential's undershoot phase. AHPs have been segregated into "fast", "medium", and "slow" components that appear to have distinct ...

  8. Graded potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graded_potential

    Graded potentials that make the membrane potential more negative, and make the postsynaptic cell less likely to have an action potential, are called inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSPs). Hyperpolarization of membranes is caused by influx of Cl − or efflux of K +. As with EPSPs, the amplitude of the IPSP is directly proportional to the ...

  9. GABAB receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAB_receptor

    The changing potassium concentrations hyperpolarize the cell at the end of an action potential. The reversal potential of the GABA B -mediated IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) is −100 mV, which is much more hyperpolarized than the GABA A IPSP.

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