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Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. [1] [2] The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency.Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally ...
The zygote is the earliest developmental stage. In humans and most other anisogamous organisms, a zygote is formed when an egg cell and sperm cell come together to create a new unique organism. The formation of a totipotent zygote with the potential to produce a whole organism depends on epigenetic reprogramming.
Haruko Obokata claimed that STAP cells were produced by exposing CD45 + murine spleen cells to certain stresses including an acidic medium with a pH of 5.7 for half an hour. [6] [7] Following this treatment, the cells were verified to be pluripotent by observing increasing levels of Oct-4 (a transcription factor expressed in embryonic stem cells) over the following week using an Oct4-GFP ...
Cormlets of Watsonia meriana, an example of apomixis Clathria tuberosa, an example of a sponge that can grow indefinitely from somatic tissue and reconstitute itself from totipotent separated somatic cells. In biology and genetics, the germline is the population of a multicellular organism's cells that develop into germ cells.
The trophoblast (from Greek trephein: to feed; and blastos: germinator) is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst. Trophoblasts are present four days after fertilization in humans. [ 1 ] They provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta .
Cell types Characteristics Totipotent cells: Can give rise to all other cell types. Totipotency remains through the first few cell divisions, e.g. the fertilised egg. Pluripotent cells: Can develop into all cell types (except those that form the amniotic sac and the placenta). For example, the early embryo consists mainly of pluripotent stem cells.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
Sperm cells cannot divide and have a limited lifespan, but after fusion with egg cells during fertilization, a new organism begins developing, starting as a totipotent zygote. The human sperm cell is haploid , so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes of the female egg to form a diploid cell with 46 paired chromosomes.