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  2. Multiset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset

    A multiset may be formally defined as an ordered pair (A, m) where A is the underlying set of the multiset, formed from its distinct elements, and : + is a function from A to the set of positive integers, giving the multiplicity – that is, the number of occurrences – of the element a in the multiset as the number m(a).

  3. Set (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)

    In some cases a multiset in this counting sense may be generalized to allow negative values, as in Python. C++'s Standard Template Library implements both sorted and unsorted multisets. It provides the multiset class for the sorted multiset, as a kind of associative container, which implements this multiset using a self-balancing binary search ...

  4. Associative containers (C++) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_containers_(C++)

    Using the iterator created earlier, the find() function searches for an element with the given key. If it finds the key, the program prints the element's value. If it doesn't find it, an iterator to the end of the map is returned and it outputs that the key could not be found. Finally all the elements in the tree are erased using clear().

  5. Unordered associative containers (C++) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unordered_associative...

    The first widely used implementation of hash tables in the C++ language was hash_map, hash_set, hash_multimap, hash_multiset class templates of the Silicon Graphics (SGI) Standard Template Library (STL). [1]

  6. Family of sets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_sets

    In set theory and related branches of mathematics, a family (or collection) can mean, depending upon the context, any of the following: set, indexed set, multiset, or class. A collection F {\displaystyle F} of subsets of a given set S {\displaystyle S} is called a family of subsets of S {\displaystyle S} , or a family of sets over S ...

  7. Standard Template Library - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Template_Library

    similar to a set, multiset, map, or multimap, respectively, but implemented using a hash table; keys are not ordered, but a hash function must exist for the key type. These types were left out of the C++ standard; similar containers were standardized in C++11, but with different names (unordered_set and unordered_map). Other types of containers ...

  8. HyperLogLog - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperLogLog

    In the HyperLogLog algorithm, a hash function is applied to each element in the original multiset to obtain a multiset of uniformly distributed random numbers with the same cardinality as the original multiset. The cardinality of this randomly distributed set can then be estimated using the algorithm above.

  9. List of data structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_structures

    Array, a sequence of elements of the same type stored contiguously in memory; Record (also called a structure or struct), a collection of fields . Product type (also called a tuple), a record in which the fields are not named