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Phospholipids [1] are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typically have omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule. [2]
Theodore Gobley (1847) discovered phospholipids in mammalian brain and hen egg, called by him as "lecithins". Thudichum discovered in human brain some phospholipids , glycolipids (cerebroside) and sphingolipids (sphingomyelin). [9] The terms lipoid, lipin, lipide and lipid have been used with varied meanings from author to author. [15]
1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are a class of phospholipids that incorporate choline as a headgroup.They are a major component of biological membranes and can easily be obtained from a variety of readily available sources, such as egg yolk or soybeans, from which they are mechanically or chemically extracted using hexane.
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Phosphatidylinositol (PI), also known as inositol phospholipid, is a lipid composed of a phosphate group, two fatty acid chains, and one inositol molecule.
Phospholipids: Phospholipids are a major component of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and are found in many parts of the body. [25] Sphingolipids: Sphingolipids are mostly found in the cell membrane of neural tissue. [18] Glycolipids: The main role of glycolipids is to maintain lipid bilayer stability and facilitate cell recognition. [25]
Phosphatidylethanols (PEth) are a group of phospholipids formed only in the presence of ethanol via the action of phospholipase D (PLD). [1] It accumulates in blood and is removed slowly, making it a useful biomarker for alcohol consumption. [2] PEth is also thought to contribute to the symptoms of alcohol intoxication. [3]
Of all the phospholipids found within the membrane, inositol phospholipids make up less than 10%. [2] [page needed] Phosphoinositides (PIs), also known as phosphatidylinositol phosphates, are synthesized in the cell's endoplasmic reticulum by the protein phosphatidylinositol synthase (PIS).
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