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Lengths up to 16 feet (4.9 m) are common; the most common is 8 feet (2.4 m). Common thicknesses are 1 ⁄ 2 and 5 ⁄ 8 inch (13 and 16 mm); thicknesses of 1 ⁄ 4, 3 ⁄ 8, 3 ⁄ 4, and 1 inch (6, 10, 19, and 25 mm) are used in specific applications. In many parts of Canada, drywall is commonly referred to as Gyproc.
Each wall frame is covered in lath, tacked at the studs. Wood lath is typically about one inch (2.5 cm) wide by four feet (1.2 m) long by 1 ⁄ 4 inch (6 mm) thick. Each horizontal course of lath is spaced about 3 ⁄ 8 inch (9.5 mm) away from its neighboring courses. Metal lath is available in 27-inch (69 cm) by 8-foot (240 cm) sheets.
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements. [1] In English, "plaster" usually means a material used for the interiors of buildings, while "render" commonly refers to external applications. [2]
A cement board is a combination of cement and reinforcing fibers formed into sheets, of varying thickness that are typically used as a tile backing board. [1] Cement board can be nailed or screwed to wood or steel studs to create a substrate for vertical tile and attached horizontally to plywood for tile floors, kitchen counters and backsplashes.
Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O. [4] It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, drywall and blackboard or sidewalk chalk.
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) provides standards for general use flat washers. Type A is a series of steel washers at broad tolerances, where precision is not critical. Type B is a series of flat washers with tighter tolerances where outside diameters are categorized as "narrow", "regular" or "wide" for specific bolt sizes. [26]
Accelerates structural steel erection by using shop-welded and field-bolted steel panels, and thus, less inspection and reduced quality control costs; Permits efficient design of lateral-resisting systems by distributing large forces evenly. A steel plate shear element consists of steel infill plates bounded by a column-beam system.
[4] [5] Recycling gypsum waste also reduces the need for the quarrying and production of virgin gypsum raw materials. Recycling one ton of the ordinary gypsum will save 1,000 pounds of black alkali, 1 ton of lactic acid and 500 kwh of energy. [citation needed] Recycling one metric ton of gypsum will save 28 kwh of energy and 4 pounds of aluminium.