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Location of the pacemaker can also change its effect on the SA node and its rhythm. An ectopic pacemaker located in the atria is known as an atrial pacemaker and can cause the atrial contraction to be faster. [10] An ectopic pacemaker situated near the AV node and the septum is known as a junctional pacemaker. [11]
Rhythms produced by an ectopic focus in the atria, or by the atrioventricular node, are the least dangerous dysrhythmias; but they can still produce a decrease in the heart's pumping efficiency because the signal reaches the various parts of the heart muscle with different timing than usual and can be responsible for poorly coordinated contraction.
Future episodes can be prevented by catheter ablation. [3] About 2.3 per 1000 people have paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. [5] Problems typically begin in those 12 to 45 years old. [3] [5] Women are more often affected than men. [3] Outcomes are generally good in those who otherwise have a normal heart. [3]
[18] [20] Since its first discovery, there have been many definitions of pacemaker syndrome, and the understanding of the cause of pacemaker syndrome is still under investigation. In a general sense, pacemaker syndrome can be defined as the symptoms associated with right ventricular pacing relieved with the return of A-V and V-V synchrony. [17]
This device is implanted under the skin and can continually monitor the heart rhythm. If the device detects a dangerous heart rhythm disturbance it can deliver a small electric shock with the aim of restoring a rhythm. Implanting an ICD in someone with short QT syndrome who has not yet experienced a life-threatening arrhythmia is more ...
These maneuvers involves holding one's breath and bearing down—can be employed to stimulate the vagus nerve and slow the heart rate. [13] However, these techniques may provide only temporary relief, and if palpitations persist or are associated with other concerning symptoms, medical evaluation is essential to determine any underlying causes ...
The next normal finding is a normal QRS. Since the impulse still travels down the bundle of His, the QRS will not be wide. Junctional rhythms can present with either bradycardia, a normal heart rate, or tachycardia. [9] The most obvious abnormal finding will be abnormal P waves. One of three options can occur: [12] 1. There are no P waves.
Baseline vagal tone can be used either as a potential predictor of behavior or as a signal of mental health (particularly emotion regulation, anxiety, and internalizing and externalizing disorders). [28] [29] The polyvagal theory by Porges is an influential model of how the vagal pathways respond to novelty and to stressful external stimuli.