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The siege of Masada was one of the final events in the First Jewish–Roman War, occurring from 72 to 73 CE on and around a hilltop in present-day Israel. The siege is known to history via a single source, Flavius Josephus , [ 3 ] a Jewish rebel leader captured by the Romans , in whose service he became a historian.
Masada is the main plot location in the fourth season of Preacher. [citation needed] 'XK Masada' is the codename of a continuity-of-command refuge off-planet in "A Colder War". Masada is the main plot location for the novel The Dovekeepers as well as the two-part television drama of the same name.
Thousands of Sicarii killed: According to Josephus, 1.1 million non-combatants died in Jerusalem and 100,000 in Galilee; 97,000 enslaved. [4]According to modern scholars, a significant portion of the population of Judaea died due to battles, sieges, and famine, with some estimates suggesting up to one-quarter of the population (according to Herr). [5]
First Jewish–Roman War (66–73)—also called the First Jewish Revolt or the Great Jewish Revolt, spanning from the 66 insurrection, through the 67 fall of the Galilee, the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple and institution of the Fiscus Judaicus in 70, and finally the fall of Masada in 73.
The Masada myth is the early Zionist retelling of the Siege of Masada, and an Israeli national myth. [1] The Masada myth is a selectively constructed narrative based on Josephus 's account, with the Sicarii depicted as heroes, instead of as brigands.
By the 20th century, Jewish attitudes toward Josephus had softened, as Jews found parts of The Jewish War inspiring and favorable to the Jews. The last stand at Masada was seen as inspirational rather than tragic, for example. A 1938 / 1941 play, Jerusalem and Rome, was loosely based on The Jewish War, and various novels were written. [10]
Despite the common misconception, Eleazar ben Simon the Zealot is not the same person as Eleazar ben Ya'ir, the Sicarii leader at Masada.In Josephus' Bellum Judaicum, the primary source of the First Jewish-Roman War, important historical figures are introduced with their patrimonial name when they first appear, and addressed by first name in all following appearances.
Josephus recorded the Great Jewish Revolt (AD 66–70), including the siege of Masada. His most important works were The Jewish War (c. 75) and Antiquities of the Jews (c. 94). [11] The Jewish War recounts the Jewish revolt against Roman occupation.