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Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4, THB), also known as sapropterin (), [5] [6] is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, [7] used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a cofactor for the ...
BH4 is the principal active cofactor. BH4 synthesis occurs through two principal pathways; the de novo pathway involves three enzymatic steps and proceeds from GTP, while the salvage pathway converts sepiapterin to BH4 using dihydrofolate reductase. [4] In addition, BH2 is recycled to BH4 by dihydrobiopterin reductase.
Ontario has 52 cities, [1] which together had in 2016 a cumulative population of 9,900,179 and average population of 190,388. [2] The most and least populous are Toronto and Dryden, with 2,794,356 and 7,749 residents, respectively. [2] Ontario's newest city is Richmond Hill, whose council voted to change from a town to a city on March 26, 2019. [3]
A map showing which census divisions of Ontario are counties: ... Crop and trace of Image:Canada (geolocalisation).svg; trace of Image:Ontario subdivisions.PNG. Author:
This is a route-map template for the Canada–United States border, a boundary in Canada and the United States.. For a key to symbols, see {{railway line legend}}.; For information on using this template, see Template:Routemap.
The following is a list of freeways in Ontario as defined by the Official Road Map of Ontario published by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The MTO defines a freeway as a divided highway with at least two lanes in each direction.
Distribution of Alberta's 19 cities and 12 other communities eligible for city status. To qualify as a city in Alberta, a sufficient population size (10,000 people or more) must be present and a majority of the buildings must be on parcels of land less than 1,850 square metres (19,900 sq ft). [1]
English place names in Canada is a list of Canadian place names which are named after places in England, carried over by English emigrants and explorers from the United Kingdom and Ireland. The names can also be derived from places founded by people with English surnames.