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Odanad (Malayalam: ōṭānāṭŭ, also known as Onattukara,Kayamkulam, Onad, Kallikoilon and Chirava Svaroopam) was a feudal state in late medieval Kerala. It was established in the 11th century, [ 1 ] and disestablished in 1746 when it became part of Travancore after Venad King Marthanda Varma 's northern expedition.
Most of the kingdoms were Hindu kingdoms, with instances of a few Brahmin royal families headed by Brahmin kings, for example, the Kingdom of Edapally. However, The Arakkal kingdom under the domain of the Kingdom of Calicut was Muslim, and The Kingdom of Villarvattom under the domain of the Kingdom of Cochin was Syrian Christian.
According to the 2001 Census of India, [8] Kayamkulam had a population of 65,299. Males constituted 49% of the population and females 51%. Kayamkulam had an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy was 84%, and female literacy is 79%. In Kayamkulam, 11% of the population was under six years of age.
A big population of 'Mukkuvan' community still live in the western bank of Kayamkulam backwater ('Kayal' in local language). However, "Ulladan" are almost absent in the village, presently. Next major settlement might have started by people migrating from north towards south clearing the forest changing the land shapes to make it inhabitable.
Padanilam is situated on Para (KP Road) - Edapppon-Pandalam (MC Road) road. It is about 17 km away from the town of Kayamkulam and about 10 km from the town of Pandalam. There are many private and KSRTC buses that run along this route. The buses through Padanilam ply from the private and KSRTC bus stands of Kayamkulam and Pandalam.
Little was known about the Shu kingdom until a farmer stumbled across a series of sacrificial pits containing otherworldly masks, sculptures and ornaments. ‘Faces of Sanxingdui’: Bronze Age ...
The place got its name because the Karakkar (Small local divisions) used to fight for the right of the temple and led a battle. The army troops of Kayamkulam Kingdom had camped near the temple for protecting the kingdom from the attack of neighbouring kings. During this period, the village had some chieftains and their supporters.
During the mid-eighteenth century, Travancore's Raja, Marthanda Varma, decided to consolidate various independent kingdoms including Quilon, Kayamkulam and Elayadath Swaroopam (Kottarakkara) with Kingdom of Travancore. The plan was dismissive because of the presence of the Dutch, who fortified their base city of Quilon against such invasions.