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  2. Carcinogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis

    The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis. DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer. [17] More than 60,000 new naturally-occurring instances of DNA damage arise, on average, per human cell, per day, due to endogenous cellular processes (see article DNA damage (naturally occurring)).

  3. Causes of cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_cancer

    A cancer syndrome or family cancer syndrome is a genetic disorder in which inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes predisposes the affected individuals to the development of cancers and may also cause the early onset of these cancers. Although cancer syndromes exhibit an increased risk of cancer, the risk varies.

  4. Oncogenomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogenomics

    Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.

  5. Carcinogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogen

    Most of these compounds cause DNA damage by forming DNA adducts or by inducing other alterations in DNA. [citation needed] DNA damages are subject to error-prone DNA repair or can cause replication errors. Such errors in repair or replication can result in mutations in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes leading to cancer.

  6. DNA methylation in cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation_in_cancer

    Increased DNA damage tends to cause increased errors during DNA synthesis, leading to mutations that can give rise to cancer. If hypermethylation of a DNA repair gene is an early step in carcinogenesis, then it may also occur in the normal-appearing tissues surrounding the cancer from which the cancer arose (the field defect). See the table below.

  7. Oncogene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogene

    An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. [1] In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels. [2] Most normal cells undergo a preprogrammed rapid cell death if critical functions are altered and then malfunction.

  8. Warburg hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warburg_hypothesis

    Scientist Otto Warburg, whose research activities led to the formulation of the Warburg hypothesis for explaining the root cause of cancer.. The Warburg hypothesis (/ ˈ v ɑːr b ʊər ɡ /), sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer, postulates that the driver of carcinogenesis (cancer formation) is insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult (damage) to mitochondria. [1]

  9. Tumor promotion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_promotion

    Tumor promotion is a process in carcinogenesis by which various factors permit the descendants of a single initiated cell to survive and expand in number, i.e. to resist apoptosis and to undergo clonal growth. [1] This is a step toward tumor progression. [2] [3]