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In mathematics, the Hilbert–Pólya conjecture states that the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function correspond to eigenvalues of a self-adjoint operator. It is a possible approach to the Riemann hypothesis , by means of spectral theory .
More recent work by Alain Connes has gone much further into the functional-analytic background, providing a trace formula the validity of which is equivalent to such a generalized Riemann hypothesis. A slightly different point of view was given by Meyer (2005) , who derived the explicit formula of Weil via harmonic analysis on adelic spaces.
The connection with random unitary matrices could lead to a proof of the Riemann hypothesis (RH). The Hilbert–Pólya conjecture asserts that the zeros of the Riemann Zeta function correspond to the eigenvalues of a linear operator, and implies RH. Some people think this is a promising approach (Andrew Odlyzko ).
Hilbert's problems ranged greatly in topic and precision. Some of them, like the 3rd problem, which was the first to be solved, or the 8th problem (the Riemann hypothesis), which still remains unresolved, were presented precisely enough to enable a clear affirmative or negative answer.
Riemann hypothesis: number theory: ⇐Generalized Riemann hypothesis⇐Grand Riemann hypothesis ⇔De Bruijn–Newman constant=0 ⇒density hypothesis, Lindelöf hypothesis See Hilbert–Pólya conjecture. For other Riemann hypotheses, see the Weil conjectures (now theorems). Bernhard Riemann: 24900 Ringel–Kotzig conjecture: graph theory
The Pólya conjecture states that for any n > 1, if the natural numbers less than or equal to n (excluding 0) are partitioned into those with an odd number of prime factors and those with an even number of prime factors, then the former set has at least as many members as the latter set.
The Riemann hypothesis and some of its generalizations, along with Goldbach's conjecture and the twin prime conjecture, make up Hilbert's eighth problem in David Hilbert's list of twenty-three unsolved problems; it is also one of the Millennium Prize Problems of the Clay Mathematics Institute, which offers US$1 million for a solution to any of ...
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