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modal verbs (e.g., English: may, might, must; German: sollen: Er soll ein guter Schachspieler sein "He is said to be a good chess player"), particular grammatical moods on verbs, the epistemic moods, or; a specific grammatical element, such as an affix (Tuyuca: -hīyi "reasonable to assume") or particle; or (b) non-grammatically (often ...
These are described in the article on the subject–verb inversion in English. Further, inversion was not limited to auxiliaries in older forms of English. Examples of non-auxiliary verbs being used in typical subject–auxiliary inversion patterns may be found in older texts or in English written in an archaic style:
Lori Morris particularly appreciated the first chapter ("Preliminaries"), the book's canonical–non-canonical distinction (for its help in structuring the content of the book), the treatment of number, its "excellent, accessible look at sentence structure, semantics, and pragmatics", and the treatment of information packaging.
The first published English grammar was a Pamphlet for Grammar of 1586, written by William Bullokar with the stated goal of demonstrating that English was just as rule-based as Latin. Bullokar's grammar was faithfully modeled on William Lily's Latin grammar, Rudimenta Grammatices (1534), used in English schools at that time, having been ...
The English passive voice typically involves forms of the verbs to be or to get followed by a passive participle as the subject complement—sometimes referred to as a passive verb. [ 1 ] English allows a number of additional passive constructions that are not possible in many other languages with analogous passive formations to the above.
The grammar model discussed in Noam Chomsky's Syntactic Structures (1957) Chomsky's transformational grammar has three parts: phrase structure rules, transformational rules and morphophonemic rules. [68] The phrase structure rules are used for expanding lexical categories and for substitutions. These yield a string of morphemes. A ...
Canonical examples of gapping have a true "gap", which means the elided material appears medially in the non-initial conjuncts, with a remnant to its left and a remnant to its right. The elided material of gapping in all the examples below is indicated with subscripts and a smaller font:
Corpus linguistics is an empirical method for the study of language by way of a text corpus (plural corpora). [1] Corpora are balanced, often stratified collections of authentic, "real world", text of speech or writing that aim to represent a given linguistic variety. [1]