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Poliomyelitis (/ ˌ p oʊ l i oʊ ˌ m aɪ ə ˈ l aɪ t ɪ s / POH-lee-oh-MY-ə-LY-tiss), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. [1] Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; [5] mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe symptoms develop such as headache, neck stiffness, and paresthesia.
Polio-like syndrome is a general description of a group of symptoms which mimic polio, including rarely permanent paralysis. Various triggers have been found, including some viruses from the same virus group as polio: enterovirus 68, enterovirus 71, and coxsackievirus A7. [1] [2] These are suspected in many cases of acute flaccid myelitis.
Two vaccines are used throughout the world to combat poliomyelitis.The first, a polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk, is an inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), consisting of a mixture of three wild, virulent strains of poliovirus, grown in a type of monkey kidney tissue culture (Vero cell line), and made noninfectious by formaldehyde treatment.
A child receives oral polio vaccine during a 2002 campaign to immunize children in India. Poliovirus. Polio eradication, the goal of permanent global cessation of circulation of the poliovirus and hence elimination of the poliomyelitis (polio) it causes, is the aim of a multinational public health effort begun in 1988, led by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's ...
Post-polio syndrome (PPS, poliomyelitis sequelae) is a group of latent symptoms of poliomyelitis (polio), occurring in more than 80% of polio infections. The symptoms are caused by the damaging effects of the viral infection on the nervous system and typically occur 15 to 30 years after an initial acute paralytic attack.
McNulty suffered from polio as a child and retired in part because he suffered from post-polio syndrome. [137] Grace Padaca: born 1963: Grace Padaca is the current governor of the northern Philippines province of Isabela. A bout of polio at age three left her using crutches; Padaca often declares: "My weakness is my strength". [138] Norma ...
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all children be fully vaccinated against polio. [2] The two vaccines have eliminated polio from most of the world, [4] [5] and reduced the number of cases reported each year from an estimated 350,000 in 1988 to 33 in 2018. [6] [7] The inactivated polio vaccines are very safe. [2]
[144] [145] The success of the treatment has prompted the WHO in 1991 to set a target of less than one case per 10,000 people (eliminate the disease as a public health risk) which was achieved in 2000. [144] The elimination of transmission of leprosy is part of the WHO "Towards zero leprosy" strategy to be implemented until 2030.