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Ethosuximide is usually well tolerated. [5] Common side effects include loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and feeling tired. [4] Serious side effects include suicidal thoughts, low blood cell levels, and lupus erythematosus. [4] [5] It is unclear if it has adverse effects on the fetus during pregnancy. [4]
[14] [12] However, all NSAIDs showed association with structural cardiac defects with usage during the early weeks of pregnancy. When ibuprofen and naproxen are used within the third trimester, there is a significant increase in the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus with primary pulmonary hypertension in the newborn. [ 12 ]
Zonisamide is an antiseizure drug chemically classified as a sulfonamide and unrelated to other antiseizure agents. The precise mechanism by which zonisamide exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown, although it is believed that the drug blocks sodium and T-type calcium channels , which leads to the suppression of neuronal hypersynchronization ...
Use of anticonvulsant medications should be carefully monitored during use in pregnancy. [94] For example, since the first trimester is the most susceptible period for fetal development, planning a routine antiepileptic drug dose that is safer for the first trimester could be beneficial to prevent pregnancy complications. [95]
Leg cramps – Leg cramps (involuntary spasms of the calf muscles) can affect between 30% and 50% of pregnant women and most commonly occur in the last three months of pregnancy. [20] Leg cramps typically last only for a few seconds, however they can be extremely painful and last for minutes. [ 21 ]
Bupropion/zonisamide (former tentative brand name Empatic, Excalia) is an experimental combination of bupropion which was under development for the treatment of obesity. [1] [2] [3] Bupropion is a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, while zonisamide is an anticonvulsant acting as a sodium channel blocker, T-type calcium channel blocker ...
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy.It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk.
Women are 4-5 times more likely to develop a clot during pregnancy and in the postpartum period than when they are not pregnant. [25] Hypercoagulability in pregnancy likely evolved to protect women from hemorrhage at the time of miscarriage or childbirth. In developing countries, the leading cause of maternal death is still hemorrhage. [25]