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Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is an unrecognized and controversial diagnosis characterized by chronic symptoms attributed to exposure to low levels of commonly used chemicals. [1] [2] Symptoms are typically vague and non-specific. They may include fatigue, headaches, nausea, and dizziness.
Toxic encephalopathy is a neurologic disorder caused by exposure to neurotoxic organic solvents such as toluene, following exposure to heavy metals such as manganese, as a side effect of melarsoprol treatment for African trypanosomiasis, adverse effects to prescription drugs, or exposure to extreme concentrations of any natural toxin such as cyanotoxins found in shellfish or freshwater ...
Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy (CSE) is a condition induced by long-term exposure to organic solvents, often—but not always—in the workplace, that lead to a wide variety of persisting sensorimotor polyneuropathies and neurobehavioral deficits even after solvent exposure has been removed.
Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in carbon monoxide (CO) at excessive levels. [3] Symptoms are often described as "flu-like" and commonly include headache, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. [1] Large exposures can result in loss of consciousness, arrhythmias, seizures, or death.
Methanol toxicity (also methanol poisoning) is poisoning from methanol, characteristically via ingestion. [1] Symptoms may include an altered/decreased level of consciousness, poor or no coordination, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a specific smell on the breath. [1] [2] Decreased vision may start as early as twelve hours after exposure. [2]
The diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning should be considered in any people with a severe acidosis. [7] Urine microscopy can reveal needle or envelope-shaped calcium oxalate crystals in the urine which can suggest poisoning; although these crystals may not be present until the late stages of poisoning. [ 29 ]
Cyanide poisoning is poisoning that results from exposure to any of a number of forms of cyanide. [4] Early symptoms include headache, dizziness, fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and vomiting. [2] This phase may then be followed by seizures, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness, and cardiac arrest. [2]
The diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and supported by a lithium level blood level. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Blood levels are most useful six to twelve hours after the last dose. [ 2 ] The normal blood serum lithium level in those on treatment is between 0.6-1.2 mEq/L. [ 1 ] Some blood tubes contain lithium heparin which may result in falsely ...