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Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.
Haemochromatosis is protean in its manifestations, i.e., often presenting with signs or symptoms suggestive of other diagnoses that affect specific organ systems.Many of the signs and symptoms below are uncommon, and most patients with the hereditary form of haemochromatosis do not show any overt signs of disease nor do they have premature morbidity, if they are diagnosed early, but, more ...
The gene involved with patients diagnosed with type 3 hemochromatosis is TFR2 ( or HFE3). HFE (not the same as HFE3) is most often the cause of hereditary hemochromatosis. [14] The HFE gene provides instructions for producing a protein that is located on the surface of cells, primarily liver and intestinal cells.
Certain metabolic disorders, such as hemochromatosis (extra iron buildup in the body), can cause or contribute to testosterone deficiency by affecting pituitary or hypothalamic function. Alcohol ...
They display only slight iron loading on a normal diet, but accumulates iron when fed a high-iron diet. [12] The probable cause of African iron overload is the combination of excess iron intake and functional changes in ferroportin. [4] [5] Penetrance of Q248H as a cause of iron overload is most likely low. [4] [11]
If you have arthritis, you may want to avoid foods like cheese, pasta, pork and more.
Over time, iron stores increase, and individuals with type 4A hemochromatosis may develop hepatic fibrosis. [3] The symptoms of type 4B hemochromatosis tend to be more severe. They resemble the symptoms of hemochromatosis types 1, 2, and 3. Plasma iron concentration is elevated, and symptoms include joint pain, diabetes, and arrhythmia.
The most common symptoms of juvenile hemochromatosis are as follows: [2] [3] [4] Weakness; Lethargy; Hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) Arthropathy (joint disease) Diabetes; Heart disease (dilated cardiomyopathy). Complications of heart disease are the main cause of death in those with untreated hemochromatosis.