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Carrier-grade NAT. Carrier-grade NAT (CGN or CGNAT), also known as large-scale NAT (LSN), is a type of network address translation (NAT) used by ISPs in IPv4 network design. With CGNAT, end sites, in particular residential networks, are configured with private network addresses that are translated to public IPv4 addresses by middlebox network address translator devices embedded in the network ...
Lumen Technologies, Inc. (formerly CenturyLink, Inc.) is an American telecommunications company headquartered in Monroe, Louisiana, which offers communications, network services, security, cloud solutions, voice and managed services through its fiber optic and copper networks, as well as its data centers and cloud computing services.
CenturyLink grew as Century Telephone and later CenturyTel through acquiring many small and mid-size telephone companies. These include: CenturyTel of Chester, Inc. (Iowa, Minnesota) CenturyTel of Colorado, Inc. – formerly Universal Telephone; CenturyTel of Eagle, Inc. – formerly owned by Pacific Telecom
Lumen Technologies (also known as CenturyLink and Quantum Fiber) Mediacom; SpaceX (also known as Starlink) TDS Telecom; T-Mobile Home Internet (including T-Mobile Fiber) Verizon FiOS; Windstream (including Earthlink)
Level 3 Communications, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications and Internet service provider company headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado. [4] It ultimately became a part of CenturyLink (now Lumen Technologies), where Level 3 President and CEO Jeff Storey was installed as Chief Operating Officer, becoming CEO of CenturyLink one year later in a prearranged succession plan.
Founded in 1996 by Philip Anschutz, Qwest began in an unconventional way.Anschutz, who owned the Southern Pacific Transportation Company at the time, established the subsidiary Southern Pacific Telecommunications Company and began installing the first all-digital, fiber-optic infrastructure along his railroad lines and connecting them into central junctions in strategic locations to serve ...
Embarq Corporation was the largest independent local exchange carrier in the United States (below the Baby Bells), [2] serving customers in 18 states and providing local, long-distance, high-speed data and wireless services to residential and business customers.
In 1980, United Telecommunications began working on a 23,000 mile fiber optic network for long-distance calls. [24] In 1989, this long-distance business became profitable for the company for the first time. [ 24 ]