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The concept of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has been used in fisheries science and fisheries management for more than a century. Originally developed and popularized by Fedor Baranov early in the 1900s as the "theory of fishing," it is often credited with laying the foundation for the modern understanding of the population dynamics of fisheries. [1]
Jack mackerel caught by a Chilean purse seiner Fishing down the food web. Overfishing is the removal of a species of fish (i.e. fishing) from a body of water at a rate greater than that the species can replenish its population naturally (i.e. the overexploitation of the fishery's existing fish stock), resulting in the species becoming increasingly underpopulated in that area.
The maximum sustainable yield is the largest yield that can be taken from a population at equilibrium. In figure 3, if H {\displaystyle H} is higher than H 2 {\displaystyle H_{2}} , the harvesting would exceed the population's capacity to replace itself at any population size ( H 3 {\displaystyle H_{3}} in figure 3).
The biointensive method provides many benefits as compared with conventional farming and gardening methods, and is an inexpensive, easily implemented sustainable production method that can be used by people who lack the resources (or desire) to implement commercial chemical and fossil-fuel-based forms of agriculture.
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Sustainable yield is the amount of a resource that humans can harvest without over-harvesting or damaging a potentially renewable resource. [1]In more formal terms, the sustainable yield of natural capital is the ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself, i.e. the surplus required to maintain ecosystem services at the same or increasing level over time. [2]
In environmental science, optimum sustainable yield is the largest economical yield of a renewable resource achievable over a long time period without decreasing the ability of the population or its environment to support the continuation of this level of yield, and enables an ecosystem to have a high aesthetic value.
Dennis Robert Hoagland (April 2, 1884 – September 5, 1949) was an American chemist and plant and soil scientist who pioneered work in plant nutrition, soil chemistry, agricultural chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology.