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Alexander Bain (11 June 1818 – 18 September 1903) was a Scottish philosopher and educationalist in the British school of empiricism and a prominent and innovative figure in the fields of psychology, linguistics, logic, moral philosophy and education reform.
The theoretical base for contemporary neural networks was independently proposed by Alexander Bain in 1873 [6] and William James in 1890. [7] Both posited that human thought emerged from interactions among large numbers of neurons inside the brain.
The preliminary theoretical base for contemporary neural networks was independently proposed by Alexander Bain [4] (1873) and William James [5] (1890). In their work, both thoughts and body activity resulted from interactions among neurons within the brain.
Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts (1943) were the first to suggest that neural activity is computational. They argued that neural computations explain cognition . [ 2 ] The theory was proposed in its modern form by Hilary Putnam in 1960 and 1961, [ 3 ] and then developed by his PhD student, philosopher, and cognitive scientist Jerry Fodor in ...
Mind (stylized as MIND) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Mind Association.Having previously published exclusively philosophy in the analytic tradition, it now "aims to take quality to be the sole criterion of publication, with no area of philosophy, no style of philosophy, and no school of philosophy excluded."
Of these the first is that the theory as stated, e.g., by Alexander Bain, lays far too much stress on the mere connexion of elements hitherto entirely separate; whereas, in fact, every new mental state or synthesis consists in the development or modification of a pre-existing state or psychic whole. Secondly, it is quite false to regard an ...
The artificial neuron is the elementary unit of an artificial neural network. [1] The design of the artificial neuron was inspired by biological neural circuitry. Its inputs are analogous to excitatory postsynaptic potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials at neural dendrites, or activation.
There was some conflict among artificial intelligence researchers as to what neural networks are useful for. Around late 1960s, there was a widespread lull in research and publications on neural networks, "the neural network winter", which lasted through the 1970s, during which the field of artificial intelligence turned towards symbolic methods.