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Mucor (short for Mucormycosis) is a microbial genus of approximately 40 species of molds in the family Mucoraceae. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Species are commonly found in soil , digestive systems , plant surfaces, some cheeses like Tomme de Savoie , rotten vegetable matter and iron oxide residue in the biosorption process.
Asexual reproduction often occurs continuously. In heterothallic species, sexual reproduction occurs when opposite mating types (designated + and -) come into close proximity, inducing the formation of specialized hyphae called gametangia. The gametangia grow toward each other, then fuse, forming a diploid zygote at the point of fusion.
Sexual reproduction in Glomeromycotina is unknown, although its occurrence is inferred from genomic studies. However, specialized hyphae produce chlamydospore-like spores asexually; these may be borne at terminal (apical) or lateral positions on the hyphae, or intercalary (formed within the hypha, between sub-apical cells). [ 8 ]
Parthenogenesis is a mode of asexual reproduction in which offspring are produced by females without the genetic contribution of a male. Among all the sexual vertebrates, the only examples of true parthenogenesis, in which all-female populations reproduce without the involvement of males, are found in squamate reptiles (snakes and lizards). [1]
Asexual reproduction is found in nearly half of the animal phyla. [57] Parthenogenesis occurs in the hammerhead shark [ 58 ] and the blacktip shark . [ 59 ] [ 60 ] In both cases, the sharks had reached sexual maturity in captivity in the absence of males, and in both cases the offspring were shown to be genetically identical to the mothers.
The fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi are fungi which do not fit into the commonly established taxonomic classifications of fungi that are based on biological species concepts or morphological characteristics of sexual structures because their sexual form of reproduction has never been observed. They are known as imperfect fungi because only ...
A zoosporangium is the asexual structure in which the zoospores develop in plants, fungi, or protists (such as the Oomycota). Developing sporangia of oomycetes go through a process of cleavage in which a protein kinase , in the case of Phytophthora infestans , induces the sporangial cytoplasm to split and release the various zoospores. [ 4 ]
Different types of asexual spores can be identified by colour, shape, and how they are released as individual spores. Spore types can be used as taxonomic characters in the classification within the Ascomycota. The most frequent types are the single-celled spores, which are designated amerospores.